Horn of Africa Diplomacy: The African Union urged Ethiopia, Eritrea and Egypt to exercise maximum restraint after tit-for-tat diplomat expulsions and embassy closures, warning that escalation could undermine peace and stability. West Africa Political Stability: Guinea-Bissau’s military leaders barred ousted President Umaro Sissoco Embaló from returning, citing security and public order ahead of a December election. East Africa Energy & Local Governance: Kenya’s Lamu island is bracing for the $16bn Dangote East Africa Petroleum Refinery, with protests and court concerns over land rights and environmental risks as leaders back the project. South Africa Procurement & Accountability: Testimony at the Madlanga Commission highlighted how South Africa’s BBBEE-linked 30% subcontracting rule under the PPPFA was exploited by “construction mafia” syndicates, prompting policy changes. South Africa Power Reliability: Johannesburg’s City Power faces a R44.25bn infrastructure backlog and long outages, with calls for capable leadership, better revenue control and private-sector support. Tax Justice: Policymakers and civil society in Dakar urged stronger tax systems to curb illicit financial flows and fund public services, citing gains from improved administration. Labour Mobility: Tanzania will host the Doha Dialogue on fair labour mobility between Africa and GCC+ countries, bringing together ministers and AU participation to shape cooperation frameworks.